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1.
Int. j. morphol ; 40(3): 728-734, jun. 2022. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1385653

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY: The main objective of this study was to analyze by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) the expression patterns of the myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms (MHC-I, MHC-IIa, MHC-IIx) in the sphenomandibularis portion of the temporalis muscle. We expected to find differences between the sphenomandibularis and the other portions of the temporalis that could be related to the functional characteristics of the sphenomandibularis identified by electromyography. We dissected the right temporalis muscle of ten adult human individuals (five men and five women). Samples of the anterior and posterior temporalis and of the sphenomandibularis portion were obtained from each dissected muscle. These samples were analyzed by RT-qPCR to determine the percentages of expression of the MHC-I, MHC-IIa and MHC-IIx isoforms. No significant differences were identified between the anterior and the posterior temporalis in the expression patterns of the MHC-I, MHC-IIa and MHC-IIx isoforms. However, there were significant differences between the sphenomandibularis and the anterior temporalis. Specifically, the sphenomandibularis portion had a higher percentage of expression of the MHC-I isoform (P=0.04) and a lower percentage of expression of the MHC-IIx isoform (P=0.003). The pattern of expression that we observed in the sphenomandibularis reflects a greater resistance to fatigue, a lower contraction speed, and a lower capacity of force generation in the sphenomandibularis compared to the anterior temporalis. These characteristics are consistent with electromyographic findings on the functional differences between these two portions.


RESUMEN: El principal objetivo de este estudio fue analizar mediante real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) los patrones de expresión de las isoformas de la cadena pesada de la miosina (MHC-I, MHC-IIa y MHC-IIx) en la porción esfenomandibular del músculo temporal. Se esperó encontrar diferencias entre el esfenomandibular y las otras porciones del músculo temporal que se pudieran relacionar con las características funcionales del esfenomandibular, identificadas mediante electromiografía. Para obtener estos resultados, se diseccionó el músculo temporal derecho en diez humanos adultos (cinco hombres y cinco mujeres) y se obtuvieron muestras de la porción anterior y posterior del músculo temporal y de su porción esfenomandibular. Estas muestras fueron analizadas mediante RT-qPCR para determinar los porcentajes de expresión de las isoformas MHC-I, MHC- IIa y MHC-IIx. No se identificaron diferencias significativas de los patrones de expresión entre la porción anterior y la porción posterior del músculo temporal, pero sí que se observaron diferencias significativas entre la porción anterior del músculo temporal y su porción esfenomandibular. Concretamente, la porción esfenomandibular presentó un mayor porcentaje de expresión de la isoforma MHC-I (P=0.04) y un menor porcentaje de expresión de la isoforma MHC-IIx (P=0.003). El patrón de expresión que hemos observado en la porción esfenomandibular del músculo temporal refleja una mayor resistencia a la fatiga, una velocidad de contracción más lenta y una menor capacidad de generar fuerza si se compara esta porción con la porción anterior del músclo temporal. Estas características son consistentes con las diferencias funcionales que presentan estas dos porciones, que han sido descritas mediante electromiografía.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Temporal Muscle/metabolism , Myosin Heavy Chains/metabolism , Sphenoid Bone , RNA, Messenger/metabolism , Immunohistochemistry , Protein Isoforms , Electromyography , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
2.
Cuad. Hosp. Clín ; 56(1): 74-78, 2015. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-972736

ABSTRACT

El músculo esfenomandibular es un músculo masticador (quinto masticador) constante en nuestro medio, verificado por disección de seis piezas cadavéricas anatómicas de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad Privada del Valle durante los años académicos: 2012 -2013.


The sphenomandibular muscle is a chewing muscle (fifth chewing muscle) constant in our enviroment, verified by dissection of six anatomical cadaverous pieces of the School of Health Science of the Private University of the Valley during the academic years: 2012 -2013.


Subject(s)
Muscle Fibers, Skeletal
3.
Int. j. morphol ; 32(3): 981-986, Sept. 2014. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-728298

ABSTRACT

La Terminología Anatómica es la base de correcta comunicación anatómica y establece la unificación internacionalmente aceptada para diversas estructuras anatómicas. Sin embargo, su uso en la literatura pedagógica y científica no se ha aplicado por completo. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la literatura en relación al uso correcto de los términos referentes al Ligamento esfenomandibular de la Articulación témporomandibular (ATM). Se realizó una revisión en libros de anatomía y artículos científicos relacionados y se comparó el uso de términos referentes al ligamento esfenomandibular con la Terminología Anatómica Internacional (TAI). Se encontraron diferencias en cuanto a los términos usados (sinonimia) para referirse tanto al ligamento esfenomandibular, así como a las estructuras que sirven de origen e inserción a este con los términos establecidos por la TAI en latín, inglés y algunos términos traducidos al español. La sinonimia y uso de epónimos encontrados dificultan la comunicación entre los científicos del área, así como el aprendizaje de los alumnos de pregrado y postgrado, cuya principal fuente de estudio continúan siendo los libros de anatomía.


Terminología Anatómica is currently the international standard for anatomical terminology, and establishes an internationally accepted and unified nomenclature for several anatomical structures. However, International Anatomical Terminology (IAT) is not always used correctly in scientific literature. The purpose of this review is to examine scientific literature in order to determine whether the terms that refer to the sphenomandibular ligament of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) are being used correctly. Scientific books and articles were reviewed, and the terms used were compared with those established by the IAT. Our study found differences between the terms actually used (Synonyms) to refer to the sphenomandibular ligament and to the anatomical structures where the ligament originates and where it is inserted and those established by the IAT in Latin, English and some terms translated into Spanish. The use of eponyms and synonyms found, creates difficulties in communication between scientists and in the learning process of undergraduate students, who frequently use textbooks.


Subject(s)
Humans , Temporomandibular Joint/anatomy & histology , Ligaments, Articular/anatomy & histology , Terminology as Topic , Malleus/anatomy & histology
4.
Int. j. morphol ; 31(4): 1158-1161, Dec. 2013. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-702286

ABSTRACT

The muscle designated by a group of authors as the sphenomandibular or, according to recent studies, the deep bundle of the temporal muscle, presents important anatomical relationships, especially in a medical-odontological context. In view of this divergence, the aim of the present study was to observe the morphology by means of dissection of the formaldehyde-preserved heads, using two different techniques to access the muscle region in question, designated as trans-zygomatic and frontal access routes. The results permitted, by observation of the dissections frontally, the presence of fascicles standing apart from the deep bundle muscle venter, which was named intermediary bundle. This bundle presented two portions, a meaty upper portion and a tendinous lower portion, which continues with the tendinous part of the superficial bundle present on the internal surface of the coronoid process. In view of the material observations, it can be concluded that, due to the total absence of muscular fascia between its bundles, the temporal muscle is a unique entity presenting three bundles ­ the deep, the intermediate and the superficial.


El músculo denominado como esfenomandibular por un grupo de autores o de acuerdo con estudios recientes, de fascículo profundo del músculo temporal, presenta importantes relaciones anatómicas, especialmente en un contexto médico-odontológico. En vista de esta discusión, el objetivo fue observar la morfología mediante la disección de cabezas conservadas en formaldehído, utilizando dos técnicas diferentes para acceder a la región del músculo, designadas como vías de acceso trans-cigomáticas y frontales. Los resultados mostraron, por la observación de las disecciones frontales, la presencia de fascículos que se ubican independientemente al vientre muscular del fascículo profundo, denominado fascículo intermediario. Este fascículo presentó dos porciones, una superior carnosa y una inferior tendinosa, que continuó con la parte tendinosa del fascículo superficial presente en la superficie interna del proceso coronoides. En vista de las observaciones realizadas, se puede concluir que debido a la ausencia total de la fascia muscular entre sus paquetes, el músculo temporal es una entidad única que presenta tres fascículos, el profundo, intermedio y superficial.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Sphenoid Bone/anatomy & histology , Mandible/anatomy & histology , Temporal Muscle/anatomy & histology , Dissection , Muscle, Skeletal/anatomy & histology
5.
Stomatos ; 18(35): 3-8, Jul.-Dec. 2012. ilus
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-693962

ABSTRACT

The temporal muscle is housed in the fossa of the bone bearing its name – the temporal bone. Its origin, body, and insertion have been well studied, and it has been described as a muscle consisting of three bundles and responsible for various functions. The advancement of technology has allowed the observation of yet another muscle next to this bundle of fibers and above the temporal muscle, namely the sphenomandibular muscle. The present study was designed to study the topography of the sphenomandibular muscle. Ten anatomical sets (five cadavers) were dissected with the intention of displaying the topography of the temporal and sphenomandibular muscles using the techniques of cutting and folding and conventional cross cuts. The folding of the structures and mapping of the muscles was carried out on four cadavers, analyzing their origins and describing their bodies and insertions. On another cadaver, cross-sectional (horizontal), 2 mm-thick slices were made in a sequential manner. We observed the topography of the muscle and its relationship with adjacent structures. The sphenomandibular muscle was found to be independent of the temporal muscle, for its origin is in the zygomatic-frontal complex, lateral to the orbit and overlaying the fiber of the anterior bundle of the temporal muscle. Its body is separated from the body of the temporal muscle by a thin fascia and is inserted on an oblique line external to the mandible presenting, therefore, its origin, body, and insertion independent of the origin, body, and insertion of the temporal muscle.


O músculo temporal fica alojado na fossa temporal do osso de mesmo nome. Sua origem, corpo e inserção são bem estudados, e ele tem sido descrito como um músculo constituído por três feixes e responsável por várias funções. O avanço da tecnologia permitiu a constatação da existência de outro músculo junto ao feixe anterior do músculo temporal, a saber, o músculo esfenomandibular. O presente trabalho, que teve por objetivo estudar a topografia dos músculos esfenomandibulares em 10 peças anatômicas (cinco cadáveres) humanas. Os cadáveres foram dissecados buscando evidenciar a topografia dos músculos temporal e esfenomandibular, através das técnicas de rebatimento ou convencional em quatro cadáveres e de cortes transversais, em um. Em oito peças foi realizado rebatimento das estruturas e mapeamento dos músculos, analisando-se sua origem, descrevendo-se o seu corpo e suas inserções. Em outro espécime foram feitos cortes transversais (horizontais), em fatias de 2 mm de espessura, peças estas que foram estudadas de forma sequencial, do primeiro corte até o ultimo. Observou-se a topografia e a relação com estruturas contiguas. Verificou-se que o músculo esfenomandibular é uma entidade muscular independente do músculo temporal, pois apresenta origem no complexo zigomático-frontal, lateral da órbita e sobrepondo às fibras do feixe anterior do músculo temporal. Seu corpo apresenta separado do corpo do músculo temporal por uma fina fáscia e inserção na borda anterior do processo coronoide (linha oblíqua externa da mandíbula), apresenta portando, origem, corpo e inserção independente da origem, corpo e inserção do músculo temporal.


Subject(s)
Eye Pain , Temporal Muscle
6.
Stomatos ; 18(35): 46-53, Jul.-Dec. 2012. tab
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-693968

ABSTRACT

This was an observational, descriptive study developed after an anatomical investigation of cadavers to identify the sphenomandibular muscle as an independent entity. The objective here was to perform a clinical and interpretative evaluation of the physiological relationships between the functions of the sphenomandibular muscle and various symptoms, thereby associating temporomandibular disorders with ocular pain. Ten anatomical sets (five cadavers) in the Department of Anatomy of the Medicine School of the Catholic University of Goiás were examined. This study was conducted between April, 2006 and December, 2008. Patients (181 subjects) suffering from temporomandibular disorder were treated in the Federal University of Goiás Dental School. Two groups were compared: Group I consisted of 58 patients with temporomandibular disorder, referred ocular pain, and hyperactivity of the sphenomandibular muscles; Group II was comprised of 45 patients with temporomandibular disorder, ocular pain, but no hyperactivity of the sphenomandibular muscles. After a clinical exam, treatments were conducted with semi-yearly follow-up exams for 2 years. Responses to the treatment were evaluated by questionnaires thereby quantifying existing levels of ocular pain. Pain was eliminated in 46 of the 58 patients in Group I (79.31%) and 8 of the 45 patients in Group II (17.77%). Our evaluation affirms that the sphenomandibular muscle, independent of the temporal muscle, has an intimate relationship with the orbit. The clinical exam allowed an evaluation of the sphenomandibular muscles in temporomandibular disorder episodes. The hyperactivity of the sphenomandibular muscle is thus significantly related to the presence of ocular-referred pain (p<0.05).


Estudo observacional e descritivo desenvolvido após estudo anatômico feito em cadáveres para a identificação do músculo esfenomandibular como entidade independente. Pretendeuse uma avaliação clínica interpretativa das relações fisiológicas entre as funções do músculo esfenomandibular e a sintomatologia que envolve desordem temporomandibular com dor ocular. Foram examinados 10 conjuntos anatômicos (cinco cadáveres) no Departamento de Anatomia da Faculdade de Medicina da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás. Além disso, foram tratados e acompanhados 181 pacientes atendidos no Ambulatório da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Goiás, portadores de Desordem Temporomandibular. O trabalho foi desenvolvido entre abril de 2006 e dezembro de 2008. Foram comparados: o Grupo I, de 58 pacientes que apresentavam desordem temporomandibular, dor ocular reflexa e hiperatividade dos músculos esfenomandibulares; e o Grupo II, composto de 45 pacientes que apresentavam a desordem, dor ocular e não apresentavam hiperatividade dos músculos esfenomandibulares. O tratamento foi realizado após exame clínico com acompanhamento durante 2 anos, em avaliações semestrais. A resposta ao tratamento foi avaliada mediante questionário de opinião que estratifica o nível da dor ocular. A dor foi eliminada em 46 dos 58 pacientes do Grupo I (79,31%) e em 8 dos 45 pacientes do Grupo II (17,77%). O resultado da avaliação permite afi rmar que o músculo esfenomandibular, músculo independente do temporal, está em íntima relação com a órbita. O exame clínico permitiu a avaliação da hiperatividade dos músculos esfenomandibulares nos episódios de desordens temporomandibulares. A hiperatividade dos músculos esfenomandibulares está significativamente associada à presença de dor ocular reflexa (p < 0,05).


Subject(s)
Eye Pain , Temporal Muscle , Temporomandibular Joint Disorders
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